The dorsal periacqueductal gray (dPAG) is involved in controlling emotional behavior by coordinating defensive behavior. It is linked to pathologies such as post-traumatic disorder (PTSD). However, ...

Social impairment occurs across the psychosis spectrum, but its pathophysiology remains poorly understood. Here we tested the hypothesis that reduced differential responses (aversive vs. neutral) in ...

Honey bees can learn both appetitive and aversive associations, using two olfactory conditioning protocols. Appetitive conditioning of the proboscis extension response (PER) involves associating an ...