Cardiotocography (CTG) is an essential tool for real-time monitoring of fetal status during labor 1, serving a critical function in detecting abnormal patterns by monitoring fetal heart rate (FHR) and ...
Cardiotocography (CTG), a non-invasive method that monitors fetal heart rate (FHR) and uterine contractions (UC), is widely used by obstetricians and midwives for intrapartum surveillance 1. While ...