In May 2025, U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement (ICE) agents began detaining immigrants immediately after their cases were dismissed in immigration courts across the country, including in San Antonio, New York City, San Francisco, and Houston. This shift in enforcement tactics involves Department of Homeland Security (DHS) attorneys moving to dismiss Notices to Appear (NTAs) during court proceedings, effectively removing the case from the immigration judge’s docket. Upon dismissal, ICE age