Arnold Schoenberg (1874–1951) was an Austrian composer, teacher, and theorist, recognized as one of the most revolutionary figures in modern music. As a musician, he was best known for breaking away from traditional tonality and pioneering the twelve-tone (dodecaphonic) method of composition, which profoundly reshaped the course of 20th-century music. His early works, such as Verklärte Nacht and Gurrelieder, embodied late-Romantic richness, while later pieces like the Suite for Piano, Pierrot Lu